Detection of a Meteorite Lake IELTS Reading Passage with Answers
Reading Passage 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-27 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
Detection of a Meteorite Lake
A
As the sun rose over picturesque Lake Bosumtwi, a team of Syracuse University researchers prepared for another day of using state-of-the-art equipment to help bottom. Nestled in the heart of Ghana, the lake holds an untapped reservoir of information that could help scientists predict future climate changes by looking at evidence from the past. This information will also improve the scientists’ understanding of the changes that occur in a region struck by a massive meteorite.
B
The project, led by earth sciences professor Christopher Scholz of the College of Arts and Sciences and funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), is the first large-scale effort to study Lake Bosumtwi, which formed 1.1 million years ago when a giant meteor crashed into the Earth’s surface. The resulting crater is one of the largest and most well-preserved geologically young craters in the world, says Scholz, who is collaborating on the project with researchers from the University of Arizona, the University of South Carolina, the University of Rhode Island, and several Ghanaian institutions. “Our data should provide information about what happens when an impact hits hard, pre-Cambrian, crystalline rocks that are a billion years old,” he says.
C
Equally important is the fact that the lake, which is about 8 kilometers in diameter, has no natural outlet. The rim of the crater rises about 250 meters above the water’s surface. Streams flow into the lake, Scholz says, but the water leaves only by evaporation, or by seeping through the lake sediments. For the past million years, the lake has acted as a tropical rain gauge, filling and drying with changes in precipitation and the tropical climate. The record of those changes is hidden in the sediment below the lake bottom. “The lake is one of the best sites in the world for the study of tropical climate changes,” Scholz says. “The tropics are the heat engine for the Earth’s climate. To understand the global climate, we need to have records of climate changes from many sites around the world, including the tropics.”
D
Before the researchers could explore the lake’s subsurface, they needed a boat with a large, working deck area that could carry eight tons of scientific equipment. The boat – dubbed R/V Kilindi – was built in Florida last year. It was constructed in modules that were dismantled, packed inside a shipping container, and reassembled over a 10-day period in late November and early December 1999 in the rural village of Abono, Ghana. The research team then spent the next two weeks testing the boat and equipment before returning to the United States for the holidays.
E
In mid-January, five members of the team – Keely Brooks, an earth sciences graduate student; Peter Cattaneo, a research analyst; and Kiram Lezzar, a postdoctoral scholar, all from SU; James McGill, a geophysical field engineer; and Nick Peters, a Ph.D. student in geophysics from the University of Miami – returned to Abono to begin collecting data about the lake’s subsurface using a technique called seismic reflection profiling. In this process, a high-pressure air gun is used to create small, pneumatic explosions in the water. The sound energy penetrates about 1,000 to 2,000 meters into the lake’s subsurface before bouncing back to the surface of the water.
F
The reflected sound energy is detected by underwater microphones – called hydrophones – embedded in a 50-meter-long cable that is towed behind the boat as it crosses the lake in a carefully designed grid pattern. On-board computers record the signals, and the resulting data are then processed and analyzed in the laboratory. “The results will give us a good idea of the shape of the basin, how thick the layers of sediment are, and when and where there were major changes in sediment accumulation,” Scholz says. “We are now developing a three-dimensional perspective of the lake’s subsurface and the layers of sediment that have been laid down.”
G
Team members spent about four weeks in Ghana collecting the data. They worked seven days a week, arriving at the lake just after sunrise. On a good day, when everything went as planned, the team could collect data and be back at the dock by early afternoon. Except for a few relatively minor adjustments, the equipment and the boat worked well. Problems that arose were primarily non-scientific – tree stumps, fishing nets, cultural barriers, and occasional misunderstandings with local villagers.
H
Lake Bosumtwi, the largest natural freshwater lake in the country, is sacred to the Ashanti people, who believe their souls come to the lake to bid farewell to their god. The lake is also the primary source of fish for the 26 surrounding villages. Conventional canoes and boats are forbidden. Fishermen travel on the lake by floating on traditional planks they propel with small paddles. Before the research project could begin, Scholz and his Ghanaian counterparts had to secure special permission from tribal chiefs to put the R/V Kilindi on the lake.
I
When the team began gathering data, rumors flew around the lake as to why the researchers were there. “Some thought we were dredging the lake for gold, others thought we were going to drain the lake or that we had bought the lake,” Cattaneo says. “But once the local people understood why we were there, they were very helpful.”
Questions 14-18
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
14 With the investigation of the lake, the scientist may predict the climate changes in the future.
15 The crater resulted from a meteorite impact is the largest and most preserved one in the world.
16 The water stored in lake Bosumtwi was gone only by seeping through the lake sediments.
17 Historical climate changes can be detected by the analysis of the sediment in the lake.
18 The greatest obstacle to the research of scientists had been the interference by the locals due to their indigenous believes.
Questions 19-22
There are three steps of collecting data from the lake as followings, please fill the blanks in the Flow Chart below:
Questions 23-27
Complete the following summary of the paragraph of Reading Passage.
Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 23-27 on your answer sheet.
The boat-double R/V Kilindi crossed the lake was dismantled and stored in a 23__________ The technology they used called 24__________ They created sound energy into 1000-2000 metres into the bottom of the lake and used separate equipment to collect the returned waves. Then the data had been analyzed and processed in the 25__________ Scholz also added that they were now building 26__________ View of the sediment or sub-image in the bottom of the lake. The whole set of equipment works well yet the ship should avoid physical barrier including tree stumps or 27__________ Floating on the surface of the lake.
Detection of a Meteorite Lake IELTS Reading Answers
14. TRUE
15. NOT GIVEN
16. FALSE
17. TRUE
18. FALSE
19. (high-pressure) air gun
20. sound energy/ sound wave
21. cable
22. hydrophones/ underwater microphones
23. shipping container
24. seismic reflection profiling
25. laboratory
26. three-dimensional
27. fishing nets
Detection of a Meteorite Lake IELTS Reading Answers Explanation
14. With the investigation of the lake, scientists may predict the climate changes in the future.
Answer: TRUE
Supporting Sentence:: A team of Syracuse University researchers prepared for another day of using state-of- the-art equipment to help unlock the mysteries hidden below the lake bottom.
Keyword: investigation, lake, scientist, climate changes
Keyword: Location: Paragraph A, lines 4-5
Explanation: Yes, as indicated in Para A, it is stated that Lake Bosumtwi holds an untapped reservoir of information that could help scientists predict climatic changes in the future.
15. The crater resulting from a meteorite impact is the largest and most preserved one in the world.
Answer: NOT GIVEN
16. The water stored in Lake Bosumtwi was gone only by seeping through the lake sediments.
Answer:FALSE
Supporting Sentence:: For the past million years, the lake has acted as a tropical rain, filling and drying with changes in precipitation and the tropical climate.
Keyword: water stored, Lake bosumtwi, seeping, lake sediments.
Keyword Location: Paragraph C, lines 3-4
Explanation: Para C, clearly states that the water from the lake leaves either by evaporation or by seeping through the lake sediments.
17. Historical climate changes can be detected by the analysis of the sediment in the lake.
Answer: TRUE
18. Supporting Sentence: The lake is one of the best sites in the world for the study of tropical climate changes,” Scholz says.
Keyword: climate change, analysis, sedimen
Keyword Location: Paragraph C, lines 6-7
Explanation: As indicated in Para C, Scholz states that the record of climatic changes is hidden in sediment at the lake bottom.
19. The greatest obstacle to research of scientists had been the interference by the locals due to the indigenous believes.
Answer: FALSE
20. Supporting Sentence: Lake Bosumtwi, the largest natural freshwater lake in the country, is sacred to the Ashanti people, who believe their souls come to the lake to bid farewell to their god.
Keyword: greatest obstacle, research, interference, locals, indigenous
Keyword Location: Paragraph G, lines 5-6
Explanation: Problems that arose were primarily non-scientific, like tree-stumps, fishing nets, cultural barriers and occasional misunderstandings with the local villagers.
21. A ______ is needed to create the explosion into the water
Answer: high-pressure air gun
Supporting Sentence:: In this process, a high-pressure air gun is used to create small, pneumatic explosions in the water.
Keyword: explosion, water
Keyword: Location: Paragraph E, lines 5-6
Explanation: It is stated in paragraph E; the scholars study the lake subsurface using the technique called seismic reflection profiling. In the process they used a high-pressure air gun, to create small pneumatic explosions in the water.
22. The _____enters deep into the water and returns back.
Answer:Sound Energy/Sound Wave
Supporting Sentence: The sound energy penetrates into the lake’s subsurface before bouncing back to the surface of the water.
Keyword: water, returns back
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, lines 6-7
Explanation: Using a high pressure air gun, explosions are created in the water to check it’s subsurface. Thus, the sound energy penetrates about 1,000 to 2,000 meters into the lake’s subsurface before bouncing back to the surface of the water.
23. A 50-meter __________
Answer: Cable
Supporting Sentence: The reflected sound energy is detected by underwater microphones-called hydrophones—embedded in a 50-meter-long cable that is towed behind the boat as it crosses the lake in a carefully designed grid pattern.
Keyword: 50-meter
Keyword Location: Paragraph F, lines 2-3
Explanation: As stated in paragraph F, the reflected sound energy is detected by hydrophones underwater that are embedded in a 50-meter long cable.
24. with many embedded______
Answer:hydrophones/underwater microphones
Supporting Sentence: The reflected sound energy is detected by underwater microphones-called hydrophones—embedded in a 50-meter-long cable that is towed behind the boat as it crosses the lake in a carefully designed grid pattern.
Keyword:: embedded
Keyword Location: Paragraph F, lines 2-3
Explanation: It is clearly stated in paragraph F, that hydrophones are embedded in 50-meter long cables. These hydrophones are responsible for sensing the reflected sound energy underwater.
25.
Answer:Shipping container
Supporting Sentence: People have tried to understand other people by characterizing them according to personality type or temperament.
Keyword: boat-double, dismantled, stored
Keyword Location: Paragraph D, lines 4-5
Explanation: As indicated in Para D, the boat was dismantled and placed in a shipping container which was reassembled over a 10-day period in late November and early December 1999 in the rural village of Abono, Ghan.
26.
Answer: Seismic Reflection Profiling
Supporting Sentence: People have tried to understand other people by characterizing them according to personality type or temperament.
Keyword: boat-double, technology
Keyword Location: Paragraph E, lines 4-5
Explanation:As stated in Para E, a Ph.D. student geophysics from the University of Miami used Seismic Reflection profiling to study the lake’s subsurface.
27.
Answer: Laboratory
Supporting Sentence:: People have tried to understand other people by characterizing them according to personality type or temperament.
Keyword:: sound energy, returned waves, analyzed , processed
Keyword Location: : Paragraph F, lines 3-4
Explanation: The reflecting sound energy from the lake’s subsurface is detected using hydrophones which are recorded by on-board computers and the data is further analyzed and processed in the laboratory.
28.
Answer: Three-dimensional
Supporting Sentence: “We are now developing a three-dimensional perspective of the lake’s subsurface and the layers of sediment that have been laid down.”
Keyword: sound energy, returned waves, analyzed , processed
Keyword Location: Paragraph F, lines 7-8
Explanation: Indicated in Para F, Scholz states that they were further developing a 3-d perspective of the lake’s sub surface and the layers of the sediment that have been laid down.
29.
Answer: Fishing Nets
Supporting Sentence: Problems that arose were primarily non-scientific—tree stumps, fishing nets, cultural barriers, and occasional misunderstandings with local villagers.
Keyword:: physical barriers, tree stumps
Keyword Location: Paragraph G, lines 5-6
Explanation: Team members were able to collect data successfully on a good day, except when there were some non-scientific problems such as boat and the equipment obstructed by tree stumps, fishing nets, and clashes with villages due to cultural barriers.
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